Supplements & Interventions

Extends lifespan in every model organism tested so far, including mice at multiple ages/doses. Human data is limited to small safety/biomarker studies (e.g. PEARL trial) rather than longevity outcomes.

Evidence: Strong (animal), Preliminary (human)

Dosing studied: PEARL trial (human): 5-10mg once weekly, oral; ITP mouse studies: ~14 ppm in diet (~2.24 mg/kg/day)

Widely used diabetes drug associated with lower all-cause mortality in observational studies of diabetics vs non-diabetics. The TAME trial, designed to test aging as an indication directly, is still seeking full funding.

Evidence: Mixed (observational human data)

Dosing studied: Typical diabetes dosing: 500-2000mg/day oral; TAME trial protocol proposes 1500mg/day

Raise blood NAD+ levels reliably in human trials; effects on functional aging markers (muscle strength, insulin sensitivity) are mixed and modest so far.

Evidence: Preliminary (human)

Dosing studied: Human trials commonly 250-1000mg/day oral (NMN or NR)

Naturally occurring polyamine; induces autophagy in cell/animal models and is linked to lower mortality in some observational dietary-intake cohorts. Human interventional data on aging outcomes is sparse.

Evidence: Preliminary

Dosing studied: Human supplementation trials: roughly 1-6mg/day oral

A 2023 Science paper found taurine deficiency accompanies aging in several species and supplementation extended lifespan in mice; a 2023 follow-up in humans found no clear age-related decline in taurine levels, so the picture is unsettled.

Evidence: Mixed / disputed

Dosing studied: Mouse lifespan study: ~1000mg/kg/day equivalent; human studies of supplementation commonly 1.5-3g/day oral

Plant-derived compound shown to enhance mitochondrial function through pathways that converge with NAD+ precursors. Review identifies shared mechanisms with nicotinamide riboside for boosting mitochondrial health.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanistic review)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Anti-diabetic drug that extended lifespan and healthspan in house crickets, adding to cross-species evidence for conserved aging mechanisms. Previously shown to extend lifespan in mice through metabolic modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - crickets)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Small molecule that extended lifespan and healthspan in house crickets. Acts as a chemical chaperone and histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential cellular stress-reduction properties.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - crickets)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Non-antibiotic tetracycline derivatives that extend lifespan in C. elegans and protect neurons from ferroptosis by reducing protein synthesis without antimicrobial activity. Represent a novel class distinct from traditional antibiotics.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - worms)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A senolytic compound that clears aged cells, showing potential benefits for women's reproductive health across preclinical studies and clinical trials. Demonstrates promise as a cellular aging intervention.

Evidence: Preliminary to Moderate (preclinical to early human)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A SIRT1 activator that enhances mitophagy (mitochondrial cleanup) and reduces age-related cellular senescence in auditory cells. Shows potential for age-related hearing loss treatment.

Evidence: Preliminary (cellular/animal models)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Despite raising plasma CoQ10 levels, supplementation failed to improve mitochondrial function in older adults, challenging assumptions about this popular anti-aging supplement. Shows limited efficacy for mitochondrial enhancement despite theoretical rationale.

Evidence: Negative findings (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A natural compound identified through AI drug screening as promising for sarcopenia and mitochondrial dysfunction in aging muscle. Computer modeling across multiple species supports its therapeutic potential.

Evidence: Preliminary (computational and preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

An experimental compound that suppresses inflammaging by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aged mouse livers. Shows potential as a targeted anti-inflammatory intervention for aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal models)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A polyphenolic compound studied in combination therapy for cancer, regeneration, and chronic disease. Known for activating sirtuins and various antioxidant pathways.

Evidence: Mixed (preclinical and clinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A form of vitamin E examined for neuroprotective potential targeting the sleep-glymphatic-vascular continuum in cerebral small vessel disease. Proposed mechanisms include antioxidant and vascular protection effects.

Evidence: Preliminary (review/perspective)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A compound from Polygalae Radix that exerts anti-aging effects via modification of telomeres, SIRT1/p53/p21 pathway, oxidative stress reduction, and autophagy modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A mycosporine-like amino acid produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrating antioxidant and anti-aging effects in human skin models.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro human skin models)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Apigenin prevents ovarian aging by regulating Ca2+-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in laying chickens. The compound acts through calcium signaling pathways to reduce ER stress associated with reproductive aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A specific anthocyanin compound shown to protect against cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice by regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Demonstrates neuroprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Microwave-assisted propolis extract attenuates oxidative stress and replicative senescence in human dermal fibroblasts via NRF2 and Wnt/β-catenin-TERT activation. Shows anti-aging effects on cellular senescence pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A lecithin-based delivery formulation of quercetin demonstrated promotion of stress resistance and longevity extension in C. elegans model. This novel delivery system may enhance bioavailability compared to standard quercetin.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Dihydroartemisinin demonstrates dose-dependent effects on ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer through transcriptomic network modulation. May have relevance to cancer prevention in aging populations.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Yellow silk cocoon-derived lutein and sericin oligopeptides showed distinct and overlapping neuroprotective efficacy in rodent models of Aβ-induced and age-related cognitive decline. Natural silk-derived bioactives may offer novel approaches to neurodegenerative disease prevention.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A self-deliverable H2O2-responsive tocopherol dimer designed for enhanced antioxidant activity and liposomal delivery. This modified vitamin E derivative represents a novel oxidative stress-targeted therapeutic.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Cordycepin from Cordyceps fungus demonstrates pleiotropic bioactivity based on integrated network pharmacology analysis. Part of a broader investigation into caterpillar fungus and orange Cordyceps therapeutic potential.

Evidence: Preliminary (computational/pharmacology)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Standardized berry extract improved selected visual function outcomes in presbyopia patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with exploratory biomarker analysis. May address age-related visual decline.

Evidence: Strong (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A review examining ginger-derived bioactive compounds as multi-target therapeutics with potential mechanisms relevant to human health, including delivery innovations. The specific bioactive components and their collective effects position this as a distinct phytochemical intervention.

Evidence: Review/mechanistic

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

An aqueous extract derived from Pistacia lentiscus L. (mastic tree) hydrodistillation by-products demonstrating multitarget anti-aging activity. Represents a valorized botanical intervention with documented phytochemical profile.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro/biochemical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Collagen peptides derived from sea cucumber shown to exert anti-skin aging effects by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in fibroblasts. Represents a distinct marine-derived intervention targeting cellular stress pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (cell-based)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

An FDA-approved antiretroviral compound demonstrated to reduce biological age in healthy adults in first human proof-of-concept study for retrotransposon-targeted aging intervention. Represents a novel repurposing approach targeting transposable elements.

Evidence: Preliminary (human proof-of-concept)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Specialized phospholipids (plasmalogens) studied for associations with brain function and structure in older adults. Represents a distinct lipid-based intervention with potential neuroprotective properties.

Evidence: Observational (human association study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A standard herbal formula shown to attenuate bone loss by normalizing low-bone turnover stagnation in an orchiectomy-induced mouse model, suggesting potential benefits for age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Demonstrated to enhance thermal resilience and extend worker lifespan in Apis cerana (honeybees) via redox-metabolic reprogramming, suggesting potential longevity benefits through metabolic and oxidative stress modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - insect model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Studied for effects on D-galactose-induced renal senescence, suggesting protective effects against age-related kidney dysfunction through anti-senescence mechanisms.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Alpha-ketoglutarate is a key metabolic intermediate involved in cellular homeostasis and pathophysiology. Research suggests it may influence aging processes through its role in the TCA cycle and as a regulator of cellular metabolism.

Evidence: Preliminary (review/mechanistic)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, has been shown to alleviate osteoarthritis progression by attenuating inflammation, restoring impaired autophagy, and ameliorating chondrocyte senescence. This suggests potential senolytic or senomodulatory effects beyond its diabetes indication.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/cellular)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Alpha-mangostin is a xanthone compound from mangosteen with demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies show multi-target mechanisms against acute kidney injury and benefits in reducing oviduct inflammation in aging laying hens.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal models)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A complex of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and L-arginine demonstrated antioxidant activity in C. elegans through regulation of transcriptome and metabolome pathways. This represents a novel bioactive compound combination with potential longevity benefits.

Evidence: Preliminary (C. elegans model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Hydroxytyrosol enhances the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, showing improvements in premature ovarian insufficiency in both in vitro and in vivo models. This polyphenol demonstrates protective effects against age-related reproductive decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal and in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A topical formulation based on disodium adenosine monophosphate shows physiology-aligned skin rejuvenation effects in integrated in vitro, ex vivo, and clinical evidence. The compound demonstrates translational potential for addressing age-related skin changes.

Evidence: Preliminary (clinical and preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Jujube polysaccharide promotes neuroprotection and longevity in C. elegans through oxidative stress resistance and stress-response signaling pathways. The compound demonstrates anti-aging effects in an invertebrate longevity model.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - C. elegans)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Selenium has modulatory impacts on vascular aging and atherosclerosis according to a comprehensive review. The essential trace element appears to influence age-related vascular pathology.

Evidence: Review evidence (strength varies)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Methotrexate, a traditional immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory drug, is being investigated for potential therapeutic applications in age-related cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases based on recent pharmacological advances.

Evidence: Preliminary (review of emerging evidence)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Astaxanthin extracted using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent showed anti-aging activity in experimental evaluations. This carotenoid is known for its potent antioxidant properties.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro anti-aging assessment)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Policosanol derived from insect wax demonstrated anti-atherosclerotic effects in mice, suggesting potential cardiovascular and longevity benefits.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Astragalus membranaceus extracts showed potential anti-aging and anticancer effects on skin and bone in experimental studies.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

NSPCC1 is a natural senolytic compound that promotes hematopoietic rejuvenation and delays inflammatory aging in experimental models.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Broccoli-derived peptides in combination with leucine were shown to ameliorate D-galactose-induced sarcopenia in mice, suggesting potential benefits for age-related muscle loss. This represents a novel plant-derived peptide intervention for sarcopenic aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Tetrahydrocurcumin attenuated sodium iodate-induced retinal oxidative injury via suppression of NOX2-derived ROS-mediated apoptosis, demonstrating potential for age-related retinal degeneration protection. It is a metabolite of curcumin with potentially superior bioavailability.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A seaweed-derived extract targets 'Porphyr'ageing' mechanisms to modulate visible signs of aging in human skin. This marine-sourced compound represents a novel approach to skin aging through specific targeting of age-related porphyrin metabolism.

Evidence: Preliminary (human dermatological)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Glutamine depletion induced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and impaired functional properties of endothelial cells, suggesting glutamine supplementation may help maintain endothelial function during aging. Glutamine appears to be protective against cellular senescence.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Identified as part of a dysbiosis-urolithin A depletion-low 6-sulfatoxymelatonin triad serving as a composite biomarker framework across age-related vascular and malignant disease states. Urolithin A depletion is associated with aging-related pathology.

Evidence: Preliminary (biomarker association study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Glycyrrhizin demonstrates anti-aging effects through maintaining Klotho protein levels, an important aging-related regulatory factor. The compound appears to exert its beneficial effects by preserving Klotho, which plays key roles in aging and age-related disease prevention.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanism study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

α-Iso-Cubebene alleviates age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-like retinal injury through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This natural compound shows potential for addressing age-related eye disease through dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Tivozanib eye drops show preclinical efficacy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This novel topical formulation of the VEGF inhibitor demonstrates favorable ocular pharmacokinetics for treating age-related retinal disease.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

The ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study evaluated aspirin's effect on healthspan in community-dwelling older adults. This large-scale trial examined whether aspirin extends healthy lifespan in elderly populations.

Evidence: Strong (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Cow placenta extract was evaluated for effects on cognitive function in aged dogs through a randomized controlled trial. This animal study suggests potential cognitive benefits, though translation to human aging remains to be established.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Nebivolol treatment improves hypertension-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by reducing TGF-β1-dependent senescence and normalizing mitochondrial indices. This suggests potential anti-aging effects on the vasculature beyond blood pressure control.

Evidence: Preliminary (cellular/preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Fermented deer antler extract studied for muscle-related outcomes with specific metabolomic profiles associated with fermentation. Research examined effects on selected muscle parameters and identified fermentation-associated metabolites.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Pantothenate supplementation via DAF-16 and pnk-1 driven pantothenate-coenzyme A flux improved disease-related stress resistance in C. elegans. Study demonstrates role in metabolic pathway regulation and stress response.

Evidence: Preliminary (C. elegans model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A xanthone compound with strong antioxidant properties showing antielastase and antihyaluronidase activity, relevant for age-related tissue degradation. Demonstrated enzyme inhibition activities related to skin and connective tissue aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Poricoic acid A ameliorates ulcerative colitis via AMPK/PPARγ pathway-dependent cellular senescence inhibition and concomitant gut microbiota-metabolome modulation. Study demonstrates anti-senescence effects through metabolic pathway modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Mangiferin demonstrates therapeutic potential in promoting health span and stress tolerance in C. elegans. Study explores its role as a health span-extending compound through stress resistance mechanisms.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal model - C. elegans)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Comprehensive review on pharmacological activities and biosynthetic strategies of protocatechuic acid. The compound shows multiple bioactive properties relevant to longevity research.

Evidence: Review (multiple studies)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Review examining epigenetic mechanisms of vitamin D in the aging process. Vitamin D has well-established roles in calcium homeostasis and bone health, with emerging evidence for broader anti-aging effects through epigenetic regulation.

Evidence: Mixed (mechanistic and observational)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Review of pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of lignans in treating Alzheimer's disease. Lignans are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with potential neuroprotective and anti-aging properties.

Evidence: Preliminary (review of mechanisms)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Truffle-derived extracts shown to buffer galactose-induced skeletal muscle sarcopenia in C2C12 myotubes. Demonstrates potential anti-sarcopenia effects through protection against glycation-induced muscle aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (cell culture)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Flavonoid compound that attenuates UVB-induced skin photoaging through SIRT1-dependent LC3 deacetylation and autophagy modulation. Shows promise for skin aging protection via sirtuin pathway activation.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely cell/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Alkaloids from Dendrobium orchid shown to promote longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans via DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways. Demonstrates lifespan extension through insulin/IGF-1 and stress response pathway activation.

Evidence: Preliminary (C. elegans model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A natural coumarin compound being developed in nanostructured lipid carriers with grape seed oil to enhance oral absorption and antioxidant capacity. The study focuses on formulation optimization for boosting bioavailability.

Evidence: Preliminary (formulation study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Sulfated fucans from the kelp Saccharina japonica demonstrated ability to alleviate intestinal aging-associated epithelial deterioration and regenerative decline. This suggests protective effects on intestinal stem cells and tissue homeostasis during aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Dioscorea polystachya attenuates male reproductive aging by modulating mTOR-Beclin-1-mediated autophagy in Leydig and Sertoli cells. This traditional Chinese medicinal plant appears to target cellular aging processes through autophagy regulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Phytochemical investigation of Origanum calcaratum extracts demonstrated activity against cellular senescence in vitro. This herbal extract shows potential as a senolytic or senomorphic intervention.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

ZJC-11 is a novel selective CDK7 inhibitor discovered for treating triple-negative breast cancer by inducing cell senescence. While designed as a cancer therapeutic, CDK7 inhibition and controlled senescence induction may have broader aging-related applications.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical cancer model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Co-supplementation of Pediococcus pentosaceus probiotic with enteric polymeric phycocyanin nanoparticles mitigated aging-related biomarkers in male Wistar rats. This represents a novel probiotic-phycocyanin combination specifically tested for anti-aging effects.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

BSO blocks glutathione synthesis and reproduces the weight-loss and metabolic benefits of dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in mice while avoiding bone loss, a side effect of the dietary approach itself.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

An anti-cancer drug that kills senescent cells (Bcl-2 inhibitor), reduced brain damage and improved outcomes in mouse stroke models, suggesting acute neuroprotective applications beyond chronic aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A natural flavonoid found in certain plants that eliminates senescent cells by targeting PRDX2 and shows promise in treating age-related diseases in animal models.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Long-term beetroot supplementation enhanced muscle morphology and the speed of force generation in postmenopausal women in a randomized trial.

Evidence: Strong (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A UV-protective compound from marine organisms that promoted healthy aging and neuroprotection in C. elegans longevity models.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A specific gut bacterium that improved muscle strength when supplemented in humans, offering a potentially practical probiotic intervention for sarcopenia and age-related muscle loss.

Evidence: Strong (human trial)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Low serum C-peptide is linked with sarcopenia in adults and elderly, while lab experiments show the peptide promotes muscle cell development, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.

Evidence: Mixed (human observational + in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Novel medicinal chemistry derivatives of griseofulvin that activate SIRT6, a key longevity protein, potentially opening therapeutic avenues for age-related diseases.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Primate study showed vitamin C supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation driven by iron accumulation and directly linked antioxidant protection to longevity in a close human relative. This represents strong evidence for vitamin C's role in combating iron-driven oxidative damage during aging.

Evidence: Strong (primate study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

This specific probiotic strain improved muscle strength and activated AMPK pathways in animal models, suggesting gut bacteria may combat sarcopenia and age-related muscle weakness.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor improved multiple healthspan markers in mice, adding to evidence that IGF1R modulation may extend healthy lifespan.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Next-generation mTOR inhibitor that reduces cellular senescence and inflammatory signaling in blood vessels exposed to cigarette smoke condensate in laboratory studies, showing promise against smoke-induced vascular aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A pilot study in patients with fatty liver disease found semaglutide treatment associated with slowed epigenetic aging. This adds to emerging evidence that GLP-1 drugs may have broader anti-aging effects beyond metabolic control.

Evidence: Preliminary (human pilot)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Novel hydrogel containing cuttlefish ink nanoparticles simultaneously blocked inflammatory cell death and cellular senescence in joints in a preclinical osteoarthritis model. Offers dual-action approach to treating osteoarthritis.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A controlled crossover trial found HMB supplementation does not enhance fed-state muscle protein turnover in older men and women. Negative evidence against HMB for muscle aging in older adults.

Evidence: Negative (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Middle-aged Korean women taking Centella asiatica showed measurable improvements in skin aging parameters in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addresses dermatological aging endpoints.

Evidence: Preliminary (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Exploratory study found Panax ginseng supplementation correlates with longer telomere length and improved NAD+/NADH ratio in middle-aged adults. Suggests potential cellular aging benefits through multiple pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (human observational)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Naringenin alleviates age-related bone loss by targeting Runx2, a key transcription factor involved in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. This flavonoid shows potential as an intervention for age-related osteoporosis.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A study in C. elegans demonstrated physiological effects on the model organism, suggesting potential longevity-related bioactivity from pear leaf extracts.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Delays aging and prolongs lifespan in C. elegans by resisting oxidative stress via IIS pathway coupled with hsf-1 signaling.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

GHK-Cu is a tripeptide-copper complex studied for regenerative properties in aesthetic medicine. Evidence suggests potential for tissue repair and anti-aging effects through modulation of collagen synthesis and cellular signaling.

Evidence: Preliminary (review article)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

F1462 is a novel SIRT1 up-regulator that attenuates endothelial cell senescence and vascular aging by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway. It appears to function as a SIRT1 activator with potential benefits for vascular health.

Evidence: Preliminary (cellular/vascular)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Ameliorates high-fat diet induced lipid accumulation and aging through triggering lipophagy in experimental eye research models. Shows potential for targeting lipid metabolism and age-related dysfunction.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Preserves endothelial function in middle-aged and old mice after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Demonstrates vascular protective effects in aging models.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Attenuates cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease, potentially involving AMPK/Sirt3 signaling pathway. Shows anti-aging effects beyond glycemic control.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Extends lifespan and enhances resistance to oxidative stress through AMPK/TFEB mediated autophagy in C. elegans. Demonstrates longevity-promoting effects in model organisms.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Attenuates bone resorption in ovariectomized mice and osteoclasts via Sema3A/Nrp1/PlexinA1 pathway. Shows potential for age-related bone health maintenance.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

PARP-1 inhibition attenuates osteoarthritis progression by suppressing NF-κB signaling and alleviating chondrocyte senescence in preclinical models. The intervention targets cellular senescence pathways in joint tissue.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Ergothioneine is a food-derived bioactive compound showing promise in protecting against age-related diseases through antioxidant mechanisms. Evidence suggests potential therapeutic value but requires more research.

Evidence: Preliminary (review)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

EGCG protects retinal pigment epithelial cells and retina in vivo by suppressing NF-κB p65-mediated ferroptosis, suggesting potential protective effects against age-related retinal degeneration. Study demonstrates protective effects in ARPE-19 cell culture and animal models.

Evidence: Preliminary (cell culture and animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Review article examining oxytocin's role as a regulator of stress and inflammation in aging processes. Oxytocin shows potential as a therapeutic target for age-related stress and inflammatory conditions.

Evidence: Review / theoretical

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Andrographolide demonstrates cardioprotective effects through mitochondrial homeostasis in preclinical models. Network pharmacology and in vivo approaches suggest potential anti-aging benefits via mitochondrial function preservation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Paeonol alleviates cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss by preserving hair cell ribosome biogenesis, suggesting a protective role against ototoxicity and age-related hearing damage.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Niacinamide, combined with Pro-Xylane and panthenol in a topical regimen, demonstrated skin barrier repairing and anti-aging effects in a randomized controlled study following laser treatment.

Evidence: Preliminary (human RCT, topical application)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Pro-Xylane, combined with niacinamide and panthenol in a topical regimen, showed skin barrier repairing and anti-aging effects in a randomized controlled study after PicoWay laser treatment.

Evidence: Preliminary (human RCT, topical application)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A traditional Chinese herbal decoction studied for mitigating perimenopausal anxiety and depression symptoms through hippocampal synaptic remodeling and functional recovery. The intervention targets neuroplasticity and mental health outcomes in perimenopausal women.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical or early clinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Polysaccharides extracted from the brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme demonstrated protective effects against UV-induced skin photoaging through epidermal repair and dermal matrix reconstruction mechanisms. Represents a marine-origin anti-aging compound distinct from already-covered seaweed extracts.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal or in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Eugenol is identified as a potential neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation models, suggesting therapeutic relevance for neurological aging and inflammation-related conditions. This mini-review examines its neuroprotective properties.

Evidence: Preliminary (review of models)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Statin use was associated with improved frailty trajectories in people with HIV, suggesting potential benefits beyond cardiovascular protection in aging populations with chronic inflammation.

Evidence: Preliminary (human observational)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Escin attenuates osteoarthritis by suppressing fibroblast-like synoviocyte-mediated synovial inflammation and osteoclast differentiation, suggesting potential applications in age-related joint degeneration.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely preclinical based on mechanism)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

DLMEH is a D-amino acid prodrug that activates mTORC1 via Sestrin2 to restore muscle protein synthesis in sarcopenia. It represents a novel approach to counteracting age-related muscle loss through targeted mTOR pathway modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Polysaccharides extracted from Camellia oleifera branches demonstrate antioxidant and anti-aging effects. This represents a novel plant-based intervention distinct from other polysaccharide entries.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Bazi Bushen is a traditional herbal formula that attenuates musculoskeletal degeneration in Ercc1+/- mice (a progeroid model). It shows potential for addressing age-related musculoskeletal decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Cycloastragenol extends lifespan and enhances stress resistance in C. elegans by inhibiting the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and activating p38 MAPK-mediated innate immunity. It is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Astragalus.

Evidence: Preliminary (C. elegans model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A mitochondria-targeted derivative of esculetin shown to mitigate age-associated cardiac remodeling through coordinated activation of AMPK-SIRT1 signaling and inhibition of p38 MAPK. Study demonstrates cardioprotective effects specifically in the context of cardiac aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A higher-dose formulation (8 mg) of the anti-VEGF therapeutic aflibercept studied for treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Research compares two-dose 8 mg loading versus standard three-dose 2 mg regimen in elderly patients with AMD.

Evidence: Clinical trial (human)

Dosing studied: 8 mg intravitreal injection, two-dose loading regimen

A compound studied for modulatory effects on both replicative and air pollution-induced senescence, with focus on telomere dysfunction and mitochondrial stress in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Research examines its protective effects against cardiovascular aging and environmental stressors.

Evidence: Preliminary (cell culture/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Silibinin ameliorated lipid accumulation through modulation of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway in a C. elegans model. This suggests potential anti-aging benefits through metabolic regulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Dietary supplementation with taxifolin improved reproductive performance in aging layer breeder roosters. This demonstrates potential anti-aging effects on reproductive function.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Aldometanib from Bigujing improved metabolic and cognitive dysfunction in aging mice through AMPK activation. This indicates potential therapeutic effects on age-related metabolic and cognitive decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Rhoifolin was studied in PLL-g-HPA hydrogel microneedles targeting macrophages to alleviate fibroblast senescence for diabetic wound healing. This compound appears to address cellular senescence in the context of wound repair.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Schisandra chinensis modulates cellular senescence through integrated regulation of redox balance, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory homeostasis. The study demonstrates effects on multiple aging-related pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanism study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Zuogui Pill alleviates chemotherapy-induced ovarian aging and oogonial stem cell injury by modulating cGAS-STING-mediated inflammatory signaling. Shows protective effects against age-related reproductive decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/cell study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Quinoa seeds attenuate brain cellular senescence and aging induced by D-galactose and gamma-radiation in rats, with effects on autophagy, telomerase activity, amyloid-beta and tau proteins. Demonstrates neuroprotective and anti-aging properties.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Polysaccharides from Pausinystalia macroceras demonstrate aging-modulatory effects associated with DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling in multiple aging models. Shows cross-species anti-aging activity.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal models)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Japanese traditional herbal medicine that ameliorates age-related pregnancy loss by modulating endocrine, inflammatory, and placental factors in an advanced maternal age rat model.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Parishin B, a phenolic constituent from Gastrodia elata Blume, extends lifespan and improves stress resistance in C. elegans. This study provides evidence for its potential as a longevity-promoting compound.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - C. elegans)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Tuna peptides demonstrate ameliorating effects against UVB-induced photoaging and melanogenesis through mechanisms targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and tyrosinase inactivation. This represents a marine-derived intervention for skin aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely in vitro/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Inotodiol prevents age-related muscle wasting by restoring mitochondrial function through liver X receptor beta (LXRβ) signaling pathways. This compound shows promise for addressing sarcopenia and age-related muscle decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanism of action study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Betaine delivered via bone-targeted engineered exosomes was shown to alleviate osteoporosis through autophagy-driven osteogenesis in experimental models. This represents a novel delivery approach for a compound known for methylation support.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical exosome delivery)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Supplemental lysine was studied in an experimental cellular senescence model examining host-microbe-phage-nutrition interactions in conditions mimicking older adult digestive physiology. The research focused on bacterial effectors mediating lysine's health benefits.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro cellular senescence model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Garlic processing methods including aging were reviewed for bioactive transformation and recovery, with focus on functional applications. Aging processing is known to transform organosulfur compounds into more bioavailable and bioactive forms.

Evidence: Review of processing methods and bioactives

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Perilla frutescens extract reduced fat accumulation and promoted longevity in C. elegans via modulation of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, a key longevity pathway conserved across species.

Evidence: Preliminary (C. elegans model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Recent advances in metabolism and applications of medium-chain triglycerides were reviewed specifically for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their role as alternative brain fuel and neuroprotective agents.

Evidence: Review of applications in neurodegeneration

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Leptin was shown to mitigate heat stress-induced senescence in porcine Sertoli cells by modulating ATM-p53, ERK1/2, and AMPK-mTORC1 signaling pathways. This demonstrates a protective role against cellular senescence through multiple signaling mechanisms.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Salvianolic Acid A disrupts the HSP90α-AKT-PERK ternary complex to alleviate atherosclerosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress of senescent vascular smooth muscle cells. This represents a novel mechanism for targeting vascular aging and atherosclerosis.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant compound that accumulates in mitochondria and has shown therapeutic potential in addressing age-related physiological dysfunction. The compound appears to modulate mitochondrial oxidative stress and may improve multiple aging-related outcomes.

Evidence: Preliminary (review of preclinical and clinical evidence)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A combination of Ginseng and Schisandra chinensis ameliorated D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways. While both ingredients exist separately in the directory, this specific combination formula represents a distinct intervention with unique microbiome-mediated effects.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Dioscin attenuated D-galactose-induced retinal pigment epithelium senescence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β2/PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway. This steroidal saponin from Dioscorea species shows anti-senescence effects in ocular aging models.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro/animal model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Cinnamaldehyde was studied for its ability to attenuate kidney senescence and injury through PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated autophagy via downregulating miR-155. This compound demonstrates potential renoprotective effects against aging-related kidney damage.

Evidence: Retracted (invalid)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A self-assembled Dendrobium polysaccharide hydrogel demonstrated anti-aging activity via the FOXO signaling pathway. This represents a novel botanical polysaccharide with longevity-promoting potential through FOXO pathway modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

D-allose reprograms the mitophagy-mtDNA-cGAS-STING-ADM2 axis to restore nucleus pulposus cell homeostasis in intervertebral disc degeneration. This rare sugar demonstrates potential to modulate cellular aging pathways and maintain tissue homeostasis.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Syringin was identified as an effective modulator of the ATR/CHK1-p53 axis targeting senescence-associated fibrotic signatures in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This natural compound shows promise for addressing age-related fibrotic conditions through senescence modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Dasatinib, typically combined with quercetin, has been studied in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) as a senolytic agent targeting senescent cells. This proof-of-principle randomized controlled trial explores its therapeutic potential in human liver disease.

Evidence: Preliminary (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Elamipretide is a mitochondrial-targeted peptide that has been shown to rejuvenate oocyte quality and restore female fertility during reproductive aging. The compound appears to work by improving mitochondrial function in aging oocytes.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Faricimab is a bispecific antibody targeting both VEGF and angiopoietin-2, studied for treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Three-year real-world outcomes in pretreated eyes have been evaluated.

Evidence: Strong (human real-world data)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

P7C3 is being studied as a novel multi-target therapeutic strategy to combat disuse-related bone loss in space and on earth. The compound appears to have potential applications in preventing bone loss associated with disuse conditions.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Achyranthoside D attenuates chondrocyte pyroptosis and inflammation in osteoarthritis via NLRP3 pathway inhibition. This natural compound shows potential for treating age-related joint inflammation and osteoarthritis.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to induce senolysis (clearance of senescent cells) through modulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta. This represents a potential repurposing of an existing cancer drug for anti-aging applications.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Polymethoxyflavonoids derived from citrus peels activate SIRT1, a longevity-associated deacetylase enzyme. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which these citrus-derived compounds promote SIRT1 activation.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanistic)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Xiaoqinglong decoction improves COPD by modulating PI3K/AKT-NRF2/NF-κB pathways and senescence-associated phenotypes. This traditional Chinese herbal formula shows potential anti-aging effects through multiple signaling pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (likely preclinical model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Walnut consumption modulates cognition, inflammation, and BDNF expression in rats, suggesting potential benefits for neuroprotection and cognitive function. The study examined effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory markers.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Resolvin E1 promotes resolution of inflammation and enhances myogenic responses during aged skeletal muscle regeneration. This omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediator shows promise for age-related muscle dysfunction.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Bauhinia variegata flower extract demonstrated neuroprotective effects against D-galactose-induced age-related cognitive impairment through modulation of the oxidative stress-endoplasmic reticulum axis. The extract showed promise for cognitive protection in aging models.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

ZJP-2, a novel wild jujube polysaccharide, enhances longevity, cognitive function, and mitigates oxidative stress via mitochondrial regulation in C. elegans. This represents a distinct polysaccharide from the previously listed jujube polysaccharide.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

PDE4 inhibitors extended lifespan in C. elegans and attenuated cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This represents a novel class of compounds targeting aging through phosphodiesterase inhibition.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/cellular)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Kinetin demonstrated effects on thymic lymphocyte proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression in D-galactose-induced aging rats. This plant-derived cytokinin shows potential anti-aging properties in immune tissue.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

N-acetyl-L-cysteine is an antioxidant therapy studied for effects on pancreatic beta cells. Research examines whether it provides therapeutic promise or potential harm in the context of endocrine function and longevity-related metabolic health.

Evidence: Mixed (therapeutic promise vs. potential harm under investigation)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Esaxerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker studied for hypertension management in older patients. The ESCORT-HT study compared its efficacy and safety versus angiotensin II receptor blockers across different age groups, with relevance to cardiovascular aging.

Evidence: Strong (human RCTs with age-stratified analysis)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Linseed oil ethyl esters were studied as fat supplements compared to linseed oil in dairy calves, with impacts on nutrient digestibility, health, and oxidative status. The esterified form may have differential effects on oxidative parameters relevant to aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal study in calves)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Polydatin alleviates vascular calcification via the TP53/PI3K/AKT axis. As a resveratrol derivative, it shows potential for addressing age-related vascular pathology through distinct molecular pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanistic study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Hyodeoxycholic acid rejuvenates bone marrow stromal cells against postmenopausal osteoporosis by attenuating senescence and aberrant adipogenesis via TGR5-ESR1-mediated mitophagy. This represents a novel mechanism for targeting age-related bone loss through bile acid receptor signaling.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Qi-Fu-Yin attenuates frailty by regulating gut microbiota and neuroendocrine hormones in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. This herbal formula demonstrates multi-system effects relevant to age-related frailty and cognitive decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Vorolanib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor being studied for ocular applications. This study characterized its distribution in rat eye tissues and metabolic profile using human recombinant enzymes.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal/in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Triphalaguggul is a traditional polyherbal formulation demonstrating geroprotective efficacy against inflammatory disorders through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Study evaluated its anti-aging potential as related to inflammation control.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanism study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Exogenous ketones were studied for their acute effects on human brain glutamate and GABA dynamics using computational modeling of neurotransmitter cycling. Results predict alterations in brain neurochemistry.

Evidence: Preliminary (computational modeling)

Dosing studied: Acute administration (specific dose not specified in this source)

DHA functions as a systems regulator of neuroinflammation through modulation of membrane organization, immunometabolism, and inflammatory resolution pathways. This narrative review positions DHA as a multi-mechanistic intervention for age-related neuroinflammatory conditions.

Evidence: Review/mechanistic evidence

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Retinyl acetate is being investigated for transdermal delivery via microneedle patch technology for skincare management. The study demonstrates dual-function delivery and sensing capabilities in skin applications.

Evidence: Preliminary (delivery technology study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Chlorogenic acid attenuates oxidative stress-associated intestinal stem cell dysfunction during aging in a CncC-dependent manner in Drosophila models. The compound demonstrates protective effects on age-related intestinal decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - Drosophila)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Caffeine, particularly in combination with exercise, shows mechanistic effects on obesity-associated brain aging and neurodegeneration through AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, BDNF/TrkB, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. The review highlights its potential neuroprotective benefits in aging contexts.

Evidence: Review/mechanistic evidence

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Low-dose tirzepatide demonstrates clinical feasibility in older adults with type 2 diabetes, showing metabolic benefit, treatment persistence, and treatment simplification in a real-world cohort. The study highlights its applicability in geriatric populations.

Evidence: Preliminary (human observational)

Dosing studied: Low-dose strategy (specific doses not detailed in this source)

Butyrate functions as a neurogeroscience effector linking gut microbiome to brain aging. This review examines butyrate's role in modulating aging-related brain processes through gut-brain axis mechanisms.

Evidence: Review/mechanistic evidence

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Astilbin nanogels modulate senescence-associated CD4+ T cells and promote regulatory T cell (Treg) induction in aged mice with colitis. This suggests potential for managing age-related immune dysfunction and inflammatory conditions.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Microbially biotransformed derivatives of lithocholic acid demonstrated anti-aging effects in experimental studies. These hydroxylated bile acid metabolites represent a novel class of compounds produced through microbial transformation.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Mots-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that attenuates diabetic nephropathy by downregulating LARS1 to promote lipophagy and suppress tubular senescence in animal models. It shows promise in addressing age-related kidney disease through cellular senescence modulation.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

WEE1 inhibition prevents senescence-like epigenetic reprogramming and synergizes with temozolomide in MYC-high glioblastoma. Early intervention prevents the development of therapy-resistant senescent cells in cancer models.

Evidence: Preliminary (cellular/preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes mitophagy and delays aging through DAF-16 signaling in C. elegans, representing a specific bioactive component from Panax ginseng with distinct mechanistic pathways compared to general ginseng extracts already listed.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - C. elegans model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

All-trans retinoic acid restores StAR-governed neurosteroids and alleviates cognitive deficits in a humanized amyloid-β knock-in mouse model of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, distinct from retinyl acetate already listed.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - transgenic mouse model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Avacincaptad pegol is being clinically adopted for treatment of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration, representing a novel complement inhibition approach for retinal aging pathology.

Evidence: Clinical use (real-world registry analysis in USA)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Steam explosion-induced structural remodeling of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula (wood ear mushroom) demonstrated enhanced anti-aging efficacy in Drosophila melanogaster models. The structural modification appears to improve bioactivity compared to native polysaccharides.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - Drosophila)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

D-Allulose attenuated cognitive impairment and brain pathologies in D-galactose-accelerated aging rat models. This rare sugar shows potential neuroprotective effects against accelerated aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - rats)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Hydroxyproline enhanced the effects of branched-chain amino acids on lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. It appears to potentiate BCAA-mediated longevity benefits.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal - C. elegans)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Polysaccharides from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC. demonstrated antioxidant-associated anti-aging effects in cellular and Drosophila models. Structural characterization suggests specific polysaccharide components mediate these effects.

Evidence: Preliminary (cellular and animal - Drosophila)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

A double-blind RCT (PRATHAM trial) evaluated supplementation of iron folic acid with probiotics on hemoglobin levels in elderly individuals with mild to moderate anemia. The probiotic package was tested for healthy aging management.

Evidence: Strong (human RCT)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates uterine aging through AMPK-mediated mTOR inactivation, representing a ginseng-derived compound with distinct anti-aging properties targeting the AMPK/mTOR pathway in reproductive tissues.

Evidence: Preliminary (mechanism study)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

L-Theanine was studied for its effects on cognitive and neuroinflammatory responses in aging, showing potential neuroprotective properties though with reduced responsiveness in aged subjects exposed to subchronic LPS.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal model)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates age-related hearing loss via TFEB-associated autophagy restoration to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation. It targets autophagy pathways to counteract age-related auditory decline.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Structurally diverse dammarane-type glycosides from Gynostemma longipes demonstrate neuroprotective activity. These compounds represent a novel class of plant-derived neuroprotectants.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro/animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

4'-Hydroxywogonin attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by suppressing Gas6/Axl-PI3K/AKT signaling. It shows anticancer properties through modulation of key survival pathways.

Evidence: Preliminary (preclinical)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Soybean polysaccharide protects against aging-related endothelial dysfunction via the gut-vascular axis, driving butyrate production and activating PPARγ/P21 signaling. It represents a gut microbiome-mediated approach to vascular aging.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Glabridin inhibits senescent cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-mediated proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1/3/12). This suggests a senomorphic action targeting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in the tumor microenvironment.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Asundexian is being studied for its age-related effects on coagulation in neonates, children, and adults. While primarily an anticoagulant, age-related coagulation changes are relevant to vascular aging and thrombotic risk.

Evidence: Preliminary (in vitro age comparison)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source

Sesaminol attenuates alcohol-induced colonic senescence in middle-aged mice, potentially through the AhR-Nrf2 axis, suggesting protective effects against tissue aging and oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract.

Evidence: Preliminary (animal)

Dosing studied: Not specified in this source