Telomerase reverse transcriptase emerges as master regulator of brain health

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has long been known for maintaining chromosome ends, but a new review in Trends in Molecular Medicine reveals it plays a far broader role in brain health. Beyond simply capping telomeres, TERT appears to coordinate mitochondrial function, modulate neuroinflammation, and influence neuronal plasticity—functions independent of its telomere-lengthening activity. This matters because TERT expression declines with age in the brain, potentially contributing to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. The enzyme's dual role suggests that therapies targeting TERT could address multiple aging pathways simultaneously rather than just telomere shortening. Understanding TERT as a core regulatory hub opens new therapeutic angles: boosting its non-canonical functions might protect neurons without the cancer risks associated with full telomerase activation. The review synthesizes evidence showing TERT influences everything from synaptic plasticity to stress resistance, positioning it as a potential leverage point for interventions aimed at preserving cognitive function during aging.